01Python Foundations
Identifiers, naming conventions, syntax, comments, indentation, operators, numeric representations, namespaces, formatted input, and output.
02Built-in Data Structures
Numbers, strings, lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries, including mutability, references, shallow and deep copying, and common operations.
03Program Control & Functions
Conditional reasoning, loops, comprehensions, iterators, generators, function parameters, return values, scope, recursion, lambdas, and higher-order functions.
04Files, Errors & Program Organization
Reading and writing files, paths, CSV data, exceptions, assertions, modules, and organizing reliable programs.
05Object-Oriented Programming
Classes, objects, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, special methods, and reusable object-oriented design.
06Decorators
Functions as objects, inner functions, closures, function and class decorators, arguments, preserved identity, state, timing, debugging, and caching patterns.
07Dependency Management
Python packages, __init__.py, imports, pip commands, requirements files, versioned dependencies, and reproducible environments.
08Logging Files
Log levels, formatting, file handlers, custom loggers, filters, CSV handlers, and using logs to observe and debug running programs.